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Obstetrics and gynecology is a subject specializing in the physiology and pathology of women, including obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics is a medical discipline that relates to the whole process of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, and diagnoses and treats all the physiological, pathological and psychological changes that occur in this process. It is also a medical science that assists the birth of new life....

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Q：什么时候才是剖腹产的最佳时间？When is the bes...

A：现在选择剖腹产的孕妇越来越多，因为这样可以减少生产时的疼痛。那么什么时候才是最适合剖腹产呢？这个问题要具体问题具体分析。我们要知道选择剖腹产是因为其他种种原因没办法顺产，因此要了解这些因素是什么，看是产妇子宫的问题还是产道的问题。确定了是其中哪个问题以后就可以从容的选择一个时间，一般在足月前一个礼拜左右。 There are more and more pregnant women who choose caesarean section because it can reduce the pain during childbirth. So when is the best time for caesarean section? This problem should be analyzed concretely. We need to know that the choice of caesarean section is due to various other reasons can not have a smooth birth, so we need to understand what these factors are, whether it is maternal uterus or the problem of the birth canal. After determining which of these problems, you can choose a time with ease, usually about a week before the full term.
Q：什么是早孕?What is early pregnancy?

A：早孕（早期妊娠）指怀孕的时间在怀孕13周末之前。胚胎在此时会急剧改变发展。约有半数妇女在停经6周左右出现畏寒、头晕、流涎、乏力、嗜睡、食欲缺乏，厌恶油腻、恶心、晨起呕吐等症状，称为早孕反应。这种早孕反应在12周左右自行消失。早孕检测方式有很多种，不同检测方法的测试时间是不一样的，早孕检测时间是什么时候直接取决于你所选择的早孕检测方式。最常见的检测早孕的方法主要有早孕试纸检查、基础体温检查、B超检查、血HCG检测这几种。 Early pregnancy (early pregnancy) refers to the time of pregnancy before the 13th weekend of pregnancy. Embryos will change dramatically at this time. About half of the women had symptoms of chills, dizziness, salivation, fatigue, sleepiness, lack of appetite, aversion to greasy, nausea and vomiting in the morning about 6 weeks after menopause, which were called early pregnancy reaction. This early pregnancy response disappears spontaneously in about 12 weeks. There are many ways to detect early pregnancy. The testing time of different methods is different. When is the testing time of early pregnancy directly depends on the way you choose to detect early pregnancy. The most common methods of early pregnancy detection are test paper examination, basic temperature examination, B-mode ultrasonography and blood HCG test.
Q：什么是宫外孕?What is ectopic pregnan...

A：孕卵在子宫腔外着床发育的异常妊娠过程。也称“宫外孕”。以输卵管妊娠最常见。病因常由于输卵管管腔或周围的炎症，引起管腔通畅不佳，阻碍孕卵正常运行，使之在输卵管内停留、着床、发育，导致输卵管妊娠流产或破裂。在流产或破裂前往往无明显症状，也可有停经、腹痛、少量阴道出血。破裂后表现为急性剧烈腹痛，反复发作，阴道出血，以至休克。检查常有腹腔内出血体征，子宫旁有包块，超声检查可助诊。治疗以手术为主，纠正休克的同时开腹探查，切除病侧输卵管。若为保留生育功能，也可切开输卵管取出孕卵。 Abnormal pregnancy process in which eggs are implanted outside the uterine cavity. Also known as "ectopic pregnancy". Fallopian tube pregnancy is the most common. The cause of the disease is usually due to the inflammation in or around the fallopian tube, which causes the unobstructed lumen and obstructs the normal operation of the pregnant ovum, so that it stays, implants and develops in the fallopian tube, leading to the abortion or rupture of the fallopian tube pregnancy. There are no obvious symptoms before abortion or rupture. There may also be menopause, abdominal pain and a small amount of vaginal bleeding. After rupture, the symptoms were acute severe abdominal pain, repeated attacks, vaginal bleeding and shock. Examination often has signs of abdominal hemorrhage, uterine mass, ultrasound can help diagnosis. Surgery was the main treatment, while shock was corrected, laparotomy was performed and the fallopian tube on the diseased side was removed. In order to retain fertility function, the fallopian tube can also be incised to remove the pregnant eggs.
Q：什么是月经失调症？What is menstrual dis...

A：月经失调也称月经不调，是妇科常见疾病，表现为月经周期或出血量的异常，可伴月经前、经期时的腹痛及全身症状。病因可能是器质性病变或是功能失常。 Menstrual disorder, also known as menstrual disorder, is a common gynecological disease, manifested by abnormal menstrual cycle or bleeding volume, can be accompanied by premenstrual, menstrual abdominal pain and systemic symptoms. The cause may be organic lesions or dysfunction.

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An Introduction to Gynecology and Obstetrics
Teacher: 孔祥
Date: 12-21